External summary

The programme promotes advanced knowledge and understanding of the relationship between law, technology, commerce and society in the widest possible sense.

This unique and internationally focused LLM programme explores how the law responds to, regulates, and promotes new and emerging technologies.

Innovative technologies and convergence in technologies are causing unprecedented societal change. New legal issues are arising, and new regulatory responses emerging. The law can help – or hinder – society’s ability to reap the optimal rewards from technological development.

Across the programme, you will study different modes of regulation – the law, the markets, the technology itself – and critically analyse the advantages and disadvantages of each. The potential of technology to support legal and judicial processes is also examined.

This LLM will enable you to develop an advanced knowledge of domains where law engages with technology, awareness of the problems in the area and understanding of the differing approaches to their solution.

Educational aims of programme

The LLM in Innovation, Technology and the Law enables the student to engage with a wide range of subject areas within the discipline.

The programme aims to promote advanced knowledge and understanding of the field of law and technology, a sophisticated awareness of the problems in the area and of the differing approaches to their solution.

The broad educational aims mirror those of other LLM programmes offered in the School of Law: to provide advanced knowledge, to provide the tools which enable that knowledge to be located within a broad interdisciplinary, comparative or historical context, to foster critical and evaluative skills and to generate independence of thought.

Having studied the programme, students will emerge with an understanding of legal issues not just in the legal context, but with a sound grounding in ethics, social and theoretical contexts. 

Programme outcomes: Knowledge and understanding

The detailed knowledge acquired by students will vary depending on the modules they choose.

The module subjects are intended to equip students with an advanced knowledge of substantive law and technology, and of its place and role within a domestic, regional and international context, laying a foundation for a specialised dissertation.

Each module will aim to foster the acquisition of advanced level knowledge of the key concepts, theories and debates in its particular area, placing that knowledge in an interdisciplinary, comparative, social, philosophical and/or historical perspective.

By the end of their studies the student should have acquired a high level of knowledge in the field of law and technology, a sophisticated awareness of the problems in the area and of the differing approaches to their solution.

Programme outcomes: Graduate attributes - Skills and abilities in research and enquiry

By the end of the programme the students will develop:

• the capacity to engage with and participate in the existing debates in their chosen areas of study;

• the ability to select and deploy appropriate research techniques with a view to developing their own arguments and reaching conclusions that constitute a contribution to the current debates;

• the ability to critique other authors’ contribution to the scholarly debate and suggest alternative approaches.

Programme outcomes: Graduate attributes - Skills and abilities in personal and intellectual autonomy

By the end of the programme students will have acquired:

• the ability to independently assess the relevance and importance of primary and secondary sources and to construct alternative interpretations and views based on the student’s own understanding and argument;

• the capacity of discerning, without continuous supervision, the appropriate research techniques and methods that are most suitable to the legal standards and policy approaches that are relevant in specific contexts and cases and of suggesting solutions to a given problem;

• the ability to question current legal rules and to critique the outcomes of specific cases with a view to assessing their effectiveness to a given objective;

• the ability to plan and draft an extended piece of independent research;
• an ability to adapt and apply a broad range of analytical tools to new situations.

Programme outcomes: Graduate attributes - Skills and abilities in communication

By the end of the programme the students will:

• be able to summarise and communicate information and ideas effectively in written form;

• have developed their ability to present research and scholarly work relating to their own and foreign legal cultures;

• be able to utilise a variety of IT and e-communications resources;

• be able to construct a sustained piece of written work, presenting sophisticated ideas and analysis within an appropriate intellectual structure.

Programme outcomes: Graduate attributes - Skills and abilities in personal effectiveness

By the end of the programme, students will have the ability to:

• work independently, seeking relevant advice and support when necessary;
• participate effectively in online discussions;
• work constructively as a member of an online community;
• work effectively under fixed deadlines.

Programme outcomes: Technical/practical skills

By the end of the programme the students will:

• have developed strong legal research and legal reasoning skills;

• be able to locate relevant information and material through Library and IT resources and to use relevant databases;

• be able to read and digest legal materials swiftly and efficiently;

• develop their ability to evaluate and critique legal and scholarly material;

• be able to articulate, evidence and sustain a line of argument and to engage in a convincing critique of another’s arguments.

Programme structure and features

The full-time option for the LLM in Innovation, Technology and the Law is a 12-month programme commencing in mid-September annually. Students are required to complete a total of six modules (120 credit points) over two semesters. The dissertation (60 credit points) is completed over the summer months, subject to attaining the required module passes during semester time.

Part-time studies are possible over 20, 24, 32 and 36 months.

The 20-month programme is only available to students wishing to commence studies in January. Students are required to complete a total of six modules (120 credit points) over three semesters and must complete at least one module in every semester. The dissertation (60 credit points) is completed over the summer months in the student’s second year of enrolment, subject to attaining the required module passes during semester time.

The 24-month programme is only available to students wishing to commence studies in September. Students are required to complete a minimum of one module (20 credit points) per semester and must complete a total of six modules over four semesters (120 credit points). The dissertation (60 credit points) is completed over the summer months in the student’s second year of enrolment, subject to attaining the required module passes during semester time.

The 32-month programme is only available to students wishing to commence studies in January. Students are required to complete a minimum of one module (20 credit points) per semester and must complete a total of six modules over five semesters (120 credit points). The dissertation (60 credit points) is completed over the summer months in the student’s third year of enrolment, subject to attaining the required module passes during semester time.

The 36-month programme is only available to students wishing to commence studies in September. Students are required to complete one module (20 credit points) per semester - a total of six modules over six semesters (120 credit points). The dissertation (60 credit points) is completed over the summer months in the student’s third year of enrolment, subject to attaining the required module passes during semester time.

LLM in Innovation, Technology and the Law students must complete a minimum of five modules (100 credits) from the list of core modules below:

Students can choose up to three modules from the following modules:

• Information Technology Law
• Forensic Computing and Electronic Evidence
• Information: Control and Power
• Electronic Commerce Law
• International and European Media Law
• The Law of Robotics

Students can choose up to three modules from the following modules:

• Intellectual Property Law - Copyright and Related Rights
• International Intellectual Property Law
• Intellectual Property Law - Industrial Property
• Legal Aspects of Managing Intellectual Property

Students can choose up to two modules from the following modules:

• International Public Health Law and Security
• Law and Medical Ethics - Fundamental Issues in Consent and Negligence
• Law and Medical Ethics - Start and End of Life Issues
• Biotechnology, Law and Society
• European Health Care Law
• Compassionate Care and the Law
• Health, Research and Commercialisation

They can then choose to take a maximum of one module from the list below (with the approval of your Programme Director):

• Contract Law in Europe
• Dispute Resolution Methods
• Corporate Compliance: Case Studies in Law and Ethics
• Law of Climate Change
• International Oil and Gas Law
• Comparative and International Corporate Governance
• International Commercial Arbitration (not being offered in 2016/17)
• Principles of International Taxation
• International Law, Human Rights and Corporate Accountability
• European Competition and Innovation

The modules listed above refer to the modules scheduled for the 2016/17 academic year and may change. The available choice of modules in any given year may change.

English Language Requirements

If English is not your first language, you must have one of the following qualifications as evidence of your spoken and written English:

• IELTS: total 7.0 (at least 6.5 in each module)
• TOEFL-iBT: total 100 (at least 23 in each module)
• PTE(A): total 67 (at least 61 in each of the "Communicative Skills" sections)
• CAE and CPE: total 185 (at least 176 in each module)

If you completed a CAE or CPE before January 2015 please contact the Admissions Office for the accepted grades.

Degree Programme Table:

COMPULSORY COURSES

This DPT has 1 compulsory course(s).

COURSE OPTIONS

This DPT has 4 set(s) of course options with the following rules.
Overarching rule collection group: A
Select a minimum of 0 credits and a maximum of 60 credits from these collections:
Select a minimum of 0 credits and maximum of 60 credits from the following list of courses, as available

Notes: Students must take a minimum of 100 credits and a maximum of 120 credits from the modules in Groups A, B and C. Please note that no more than 60 credits should be taken from either Group A or B, and no more than 40 credits should be taken from Group C.

AND
Overarching rule collection group: B
Select a minimum of 0 credits and a maximum of 60 credits from these collections:
Select a minimum of 0 credits and maximum of 60 credits from the following list of courses, as available

Notes: Students must take a minimum of 100 credits and a maximum of 120 credits from the modules in Groups A, B and C. Please note that no more than 60 credits should be taken from either Group A or B, and no more than 40 credits should be taken from Group C.

AND

Overarching rule collection group: C
Select a minimum of 0 credits and a maximum of 40 credits from these collections:
Select a minimum of 0 credits and maximum of 20 credits from the following list of courses, as available

Notes:Students must take a minimum of 100 credits and a maximum of 120 credits from the modules in Groups A, B and C. Please note that no more than 60 credits should be taken from either Group A or B, and no more than 40 credits should be taken from Group C.

AND

Overarching rule collection group: D
Select a minimum of 0 credits and a maximum of 20 credits from these collections:
Select a minimum of 0 credits and maximum of 20 credits from the following list of courses, as available

Notes: A maximum of 20 credits can be taken from Group D. **Please note that a course from this collection can only be taken with the approval of your Programme Director.**
The modules listed above refer to the modules scheduled for the 2016/17 academic year and may change. The available choice of modules in any given year may change.

Exit awards / progression       

Progression to the dissertation and award of the LLM in Innovation, Technology and the Law degree will be decided, in line with University Taught Postgraduate Assessment Regulations and other guidance, by a Board of Examiners administered in the School of Law and composed of staff teaching on the degree.

Specifically, the normal conditions for progression and exit awards are as follows:

In order to progress to the Masters dissertation candidates must:

• attain at least 80 credits with a pass at Masters level or more in each of the separate elements

• be awarded an aggregate pass at Masters level for the 120 credits of study examined at the point of decision for progression, and

• have no course mark below 40% in any 40-credit course, and no more than one course mark below 40% in a 20-credit course.

Students who do not meet the criteria for progression but who receive a pass at Diploma level or more in 80 credits and an aggregate pass at Diploma level for the 120 credits of study are eligible to receive the Diploma.

In order to be awarded a Masters degree candidates must:

• have satisfied the requirements for progression, as laid out above, and

• attain 60 credits, by achieving a pass at Masters level for the dissertation.

Any student who meets criteria for progression but who then does not pass the dissertation is eligible to receive the Diploma.

Teaching and learning methods and strategies

Our distance learning programmes are delivered via eSCRIPT - our flexible online learning environment developed by the University. eSCRIPT is accessible from any computer via the internet. A fast connection is an advantage, but students do not need any special equipment, applications or plug-ins.

Learning and teaching within eSCRIPT happen 'asynchronously' and the classroom is accessible 24/7. This means that students have the flexibility to log in at any time and study at times and in places convenient to them.

In a typical week on our distance learning programmes, students will be expected to:

• read about a particular subject;

• reflect on the questions and issues raised;

• post their responses and comments in online discussions;

• read and respond to contributions from fellow students and their tutor.

Extensive and authoritative learning materials are provided within eScript. These are highly up-to-date and topical, and generally relate directly to academics’ fields of research activity.

Online discussion is central to our distance learning programmes, but we regularly offer a variety of other learning activities to accommodate and reinforce different learning styles. Examples include: multiple-choice quizzes; voting in an online debate; annotating short sections of text; role play activities; and more.

Our academic tutors are all experts in the fields they are teaching. They have the in-depth knowledge and understanding of their discipline, but they are also experienced teachers - in the online environment and on campus.

Students will meet tutors regularly in eSCRIPT, where they will be stimulating discussion, answering questions, offering feedback, and helping to weave individual contributions into coherent new directions. Sometimes their role may actually mean staying out of the discussion - to allow space for students to develop their own ideas.

From time to time, we also involve specialist guest tutors, who come in alongside the regular tutors to lead a focused discussion on a particular topic.

Facilities

Online distance learning students are accorded with full rights as students of the University of Edinburgh, which grants access to a vast range of online resources - amongst the most common legal databases used during the programme would be LexisNexis, Westlaw and HeinOnline.

Certain courses on the programme are accompanied by a text book which is provided to students as part of their programme fee.

Students have access to a range of learning resources, specially developed to meet the needs of those entering our programmes without any background in legal study, or those who may be returning to legal study after a prolonged break. These specialist support materials will extend and refresh students’ knowledge and understanding of the Western legal tradition. They also provide a firm foundation for students to develop essential skills in legal research methods and resources.

An extensive resource bank of podcast lectures in relevant subject areas is also maintained, specifically for students.

Assessment methods and strategies

To successfully complete the Postgraduate Certificate in Law by online distance learning students are required to complete:

• either three modules (60 credit points)

• or two modules (40 credits) and a synoptic paper (20 credits)

Modules offered within the programme follow a consistent assessment structure. Each module has a requirement to write an essay (60%); participate in online discussion and activities (20%); and complete a coursework assignment (20%).

This structure offers students a variety of assessment forms, and assignments tailored to the specific learning outcomes of each module. Students can pursue relevant research interests they may bring to the programme, with the facility to devise their own essay title in agreement with their tutor.

Students provide feedback on global programme matters and on each specific module they take, at the end of every semester they are on-programme. This feedback is used to monitor the effectiveness of our teaching, learning and assessment strategies, and to develop innovative new methods.

Synoptic paper

PG Certificate students have the option of substituting one taught module with a synoptic paper of 7,500 words, weighted at 20 credits.

The purpose of the synoptic paper is to allow students to design and conduct a supervised piece of research and analysis, and a more extensive writing project. 

The paper will overview of an area of law, akin to a primary and secondary literature review, associated with the learning outcomes achieved during the Certificate programme as a whole. Students will also have scope to draw on their professional experience and context.

Each student will be assigned a supervisor for this piece of work.

Supervision will be structured around four key online or internet meetings with a supervisor, to agree:

• title

• structure

• first full draft

• final draft.

Career opportunities

One of the key strengths of the online distance learning programmes is the diversity of the student cohort. Students join from all over the world, and they bring a wide range of professional experience. The programme is an opportunity to engage with each other as well as with the subject matter, and to learn about the practical application of the law in different jurisdictions as well as debate the fundamental principles and theories.

The majority of our students are mid-career, and they often work across international boundaries. Many will already be established in their career, but wish to use the programme to consolidate skills and knowledge accumulated over time.

Graduates of our online distance learning programmes progress to a range of careers in law and related legal fields, including work in local and international firms, government legal departments, other public institutions, international organisations and in academia. The programmes are also an ideal platform for advanced research.

For some graduates, successful completion of the programme will lead to a promotion within their current positions. Others aim to develop a new professional direction altogether. The programme aims to support students in whichever outcome they aspire to, through developing their knowledge and understanding of the law, but also through acquiring transferable skills and, not least, the experience of engaging with leading academics in the field and with fellow students.

Successful Certificate students may progress to one of the eLLM programmes, as long as they have attained an average of 50% or higher in the Certificate.

The profile of online distance learning students, and their needs for career guidance, are recognised by the University careers service, which offers information resources relevant to international and non-Law careers, and the opportunity to arrange individual consultations with students who are based remotely.

Other items

Programme Director: Professor Burkhard Schafer (T: 0131 650 2035; E: B.Schafer@ed.ac.uk)